The report summarises the monitoring data collected in 2023 on the presence of residues of veterinary medicinal products and certain substances in live animals and animal products in the EU Member States, Iceland and Norway. A total of 548,194 samples were reported to the European Commission. A total of 284,850 samples were reported in accordance with the specifications of the national risk‐based control plan for production in the Member States; 13,709 were samples collected in conformity with the specifications of the national randomised surveillance plan for production in the Member States; and 5162 samples were collected in conformity with the specifications of the national risk‐based control plan for third‐country import. Additionally, 8741 suspect samples were reported in 2023 as follow‐up of non‐compliant results and 235,732 samples were collected in the framework of other programmes developed under the national legislation. The majority of countries fulfilled the requirements for sampling frequency laid down in Commission Implementing Regulation 2022/1646.