{"id":155080,"date":"2025-07-16T16:28:07","date_gmt":"2025-07-16T15:28:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/helloproject.es\/vigilancia\/el-cern-confirma-que-la-materia-y-la-antimateria-no-se-comportan-igual\/"},"modified":"2025-07-16T16:28:07","modified_gmt":"2025-07-16T15:28:07","slug":"el-cern-confirma-que-la-materia-y-la-antimateria-no-se-comportan-igual","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/helloproject.es\/vigilancia\/el-cern-confirma-que-la-materia-y-la-antimateria-no-se-comportan-igual\/","title":{"rendered":"El CERN confirma que la materia y la antimateria no se comportan igual"},"content":{"rendered":"

Por primera vez, un equipo internacional del experimento LHCb, en el Gran Colisionador de Hadrones (LHC) del CERN, ha observado una violaci\u00f3n de la simetr\u00eda carga-paridad (CP) en la desintegraci\u00f3n de bariones, part\u00edculas subat\u00f3micas compuestas por tres quarks como los protones y los neutrones. El hallazgo, publicado esta semana<\/a> en la revista Nature, supone un importante paso en el estudio de la asimetr\u00eda entre materia y antimateria que caracteriza al universo.<\/p>\n

Aunque esta violaci\u00f3n ya se hab\u00eda detectado en mesones, nunca antes se hab\u00eda observado experimentalmente en bariones<\/p>\n

Seg\u00fan los modelos cosmol\u00f3gicos, el Big Bang produjo materia y antimateria en cantidades iguales. Sin embargo, hoy\u00a0apenas se detecta antimateria en el universo observable, donde dominan las estrellas, planetas y galaxias formadas por protones, neutrones y electrones. Esta desproporci\u00f3n plantea uno de los grandes enigmas de la f\u00edsica moderna.<\/p>\n

En 1967, el f\u00edsico Andr\u00e9i S\u00e1jarov propuso que, para que la materia sobreviviera tras el Big Bang, deb\u00edan darse ciertas condiciones, entre ellas la\u00a0violaci\u00f3n de la simetr\u00eda CP, lo que implicar\u00eda que la materia y la antimateria\u00a0no se comportan exactamente igual. Aunque esta violaci\u00f3n ya se hab\u00eda detectado en mesones \u2014part\u00edculas formadas por un par de quarks\u2014 desde los a\u00f1os 60, nunca antes se hab\u00eda observado experimentalmente en bariones, las part\u00edculas que forman la materia, como protones o neutrones.<\/p>\n

Para Javier Fern\u00e1ndez Men\u00e9ndez, profesor titular del departamento de F\u00edsica de la Universidad de Oviedo, el hallazgo \u00absienta un pasito m\u00e1s en el largo camino de la ciencia, en este caso en particular, pues era un resultado largamente buscado y esperado, con una precisi\u00f3n muy alta\u00bb, explica en declaraciones al Science Media Center (SMC) Espa\u00f1a. \u00abEntender por qu\u00e9 estamos hechos de materia y no de antimateria (protones positivos en lugar de antiprotones negativos, por ejemplo) es una de las piezas clave en el entendimiento de nuestro universo\u00bb.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

Datos de colisiones prot\u00f3n-prot\u00f3n<\/h2>\n

\u201cEl desequilibrio entre materia y antimateria requiere la existencia de una violaci\u00f3n de CP\u201d, explican los autores del estudio, liderados por Xueting Yang. El experimento LHCb ha detectado por primera vez una asimetr\u00eda en la desintegraci\u00f3n de bariones utilizando datos de colisiones prot\u00f3n-prot\u00f3n\u00a0en el LHC. Esta diferencia de comportamiento entre bariones y antibariones supone una nueva confirmaci\u00f3n de las predicciones del Modelo Est\u00e1ndar, concretamente del mecanismo de Cabibbo\u2013Kobayashi\u2013Maskawa (CKM), que describe c\u00f3mo los quarks se transforman entre s\u00ed a trav\u00e9s de la interacci\u00f3n d\u00e9bil.<\/p>\n

\u00abEs muy interesante estudiar en qu\u00e9 medida el Modelo Est\u00e1ndar puede predecir cuantitativamente la asimetr\u00eda observada. Este c\u00e1lculo es muy complejo porque involucra las interacciones fuertes y actualmente no sabemos hacer estos c\u00e1lculos con la precisi\u00f3n suficiente\u00bb, explica Pilar Hern\u00e1ndez, catedr\u00e1tica de F\u00edsica Te\u00f3rica de la Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia, al SMC. \u00abContrastar el resultado experimental con la teor\u00eda es fundamental para establecer si hay o no efectos m\u00e1s all\u00e1 del Modelo Est\u00e1ndar que puedan estar contribuyendo a este proceso. Sabemos que la asimetr\u00eda entre materia y antimateria en el Modelo Est\u00e1ndar no es suficiente para explicar el universo, as\u00ed que dichos efectos son justamente lo que estamos buscando\u00bb.<\/p>\n

Los f\u00edsicos consideran que\u00a0deben existir otras fuentes de violaci\u00f3n CP\u00a0a\u00fan no descubiertas<\/p>\n

La matriz CKM incorpora un par\u00e1metro de fase complejo que permite la violaci\u00f3n de la simetr\u00eda CP, pero las asimetr\u00edas que predice son insuficientes para explicar por completo la ausencia de antimateria en el universo. Por ello, los f\u00edsicos consideran que deben existir otras fuentes de violaci\u00f3n CP a\u00fan no descubiertas.<\/p>\n

Aunque este nuevo resultado no resuelve el misterio del origen de la asimetr\u00eda c\u00f3smica, s\u00ed ofrece una ventana in\u00e9dita para explorarla. \u201cEncontrar los detalles de esta violaci\u00f3n de simetr\u00eda en bariones permitir\u00e1 avanzar en la b\u00fasqueda de nueva f\u00edsica\u201d, concluyen los investigadores, que consideran que este descubrimiento abre una nueva etapa tanto te\u00f3rica como experimental en la exploraci\u00f3n del universo a nivel subat\u00f3mico.<\/p>\n

Referencia:<\/p>\n

Xueting Yang and the LHCb Collaboration.\u00a0\u201cObservation of charge\u2013parity symmetry breaking in baryon decays\u201d. Nature<\/a>\u00a0(2025).<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Por primera vez, un equipo internacional del experimento LHCb, en el Gran Colisionador de Hadrones (LHC) del CERN, ha observado una violaci\u00f3n de la simetr\u00eda carga-paridad (CP) en la desintegraci\u00f3n de bariones, part\u00edculas subat\u00f3micas compuestas por tres quarks como los protones y los neutrones. El hallazgo, publicado esta semana en la revista Nature, supone un […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-155080","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-noticias"],"yoast_head":"\nEl CERN confirma que la materia y la antimateria no se comportan igual - bip4ex<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/helloproject.es\/vigilancia\/el-cern-confirma-que-la-materia-y-la-antimateria-no-se-comportan-igual\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"El CERN confirma que la materia y la antimateria no se comportan igual\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Por primera vez, un equipo internacional del experimento LHCb, en el Gran Colisionador de Hadrones (LHC) del CERN, ha observado una violaci\u00f3n de la simetr\u00eda carga-paridad (CP) en la desintegraci\u00f3n de bariones, part\u00edculas subat\u00f3micas compuestas por tres quarks como los protones y los neutrones. 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