{"id":200974,"date":"2026-03-19T14:28:15","date_gmt":"2026-03-19T13:28:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/helloproject.es\/vigilancia\/los-neandertales-usaban-el-alquitran-de-abedul-como-un-antibiotico-primitivo\/"},"modified":"2026-03-19T14:28:15","modified_gmt":"2026-03-19T13:28:15","slug":"los-neandertales-usaban-el-alquitran-de-abedul-como-un-antibiotico-primitivo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/helloproject.es\/vigilancia\/los-neandertales-usaban-el-alquitran-de-abedul-como-un-antibiotico-primitivo\/","title":{"rendered":"Los neandertales usaban el alquitr\u00e1n de abedul como un antibi\u00f3tico primitivo"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Los neandertales utilizaron con mucha asiduidad el\u00a0alquitr\u00e1n procedente del abedul, en gran parte como un potente adhesivo para ensamblar sus herramientas, pero los investigadores han comprobado ahora que tambi\u00e9n lo usaban para\u00a0curar sus heridas, como un antibi\u00f3tico natural.<\/p>\n<p>Investigadores de las universidades de Colonia (Alemania) y Oxford (Reino Unido) han profundizado en el conocimiento que se ten\u00eda sobre el uso que hac\u00edan los neandertales de ese tipo de brea con fines m\u00e9dicos y han comprobado su potencial medicinal con abedules modernos. Los resultados del tabajo se han publicado en la revista <a href=\"https:\/\/journals.plos.org\/plosone\/article?id=10.1371\/journal.pone.0343618\" target=\"_blank\">Plos One<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>El alquitr\u00e1n de abedul se ha encontrado en yacimientos neandertales, y los investigadores se han preguntado por los m\u00faltiples usos que le daban a esa sustancia, ante las evidencias de que la empleaban para diversas pr\u00e1cticas m\u00e9dicas<\/p>\n<p>El alquitr\u00e1n de abedul se ha encontrado frecuentemente en yacimientos arqueol\u00f3gicos neandertales, y los investigadores se han preguntado por los m\u00faltiples usos que le daban a esa sustancia, ante las evidencias cada vez mayores de que la empleaban para diversas pr\u00e1cticas m\u00e9dicas.<\/p>\n<p>Para comprobar su potencial medicinal, el equipo lo extrajo de la corteza de\u00a0abedules modernos, centr\u00e1ndose espec\u00edficamente en especies conocidas presentes en yacimientos neandertales, y utilizaron para ello diversos m\u00e9todos de extracci\u00f3n, como la destilaci\u00f3n del alquitr\u00e1n en un pozo de arcilla y su condensaci\u00f3n contra una superficie de piedra, m\u00e9todos que ya habr\u00edan estado al alcance de los neandertales.<\/p>\n<p><a><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>Eficaz frente a bacterias<\/h2>\n<p>Al exponerlas a diferentes cepas bacterianas, todas las muestras de alquitr\u00e1n demostraron ser eficaces para inhibir el crecimiento de la bacteria Staphylococcus, conocida por causar infecciones en las heridas.<\/p>\n<p>Estos experimentos no solo respaldan la eficacia de las pr\u00e1cticas medicinales ind\u00edgenas, sino que tambi\u00e9n refuerzan la posibilidad de que los neandertales utilizaran brea de abedul para tratar heridas, y los autores han se\u00f1alado que existen otros usos potenciales de la brea de abedul, como repelente de insectos, as\u00ed como de otras plantas a las que los neandertales ten\u00edan acceso.<\/p>\n<p>El hallazgo refuerza la idea de que estas comunidades humanas contaban con pr\u00e1cticas m\u00e9dicas que ayudaban a reducir enfermedades en las edades de hielo<\/p>\n<p>El descubrimiento tiene importantes implicaciones sobre c\u00f3mo los neandertales pudieron haber mitigado la carga de enfermedades durante las \u00faltimas edades de hielo, y se suma a un creciente conjunto de evidencias sobre la atenci\u00f3n m\u00e9dica en estas primeras comunidades humanas.<\/p>\n<p>Al combinar la investigaci\u00f3n sobre farmacolog\u00eda ind\u00edgena con la arqueolog\u00eda experimental, los cient\u00edficos han comenzado a comprender las pr\u00e1cticas medicinales de nuestros ancestros humanos m\u00e1s lejanos y sus parientes m\u00e1s cercanos, y han valorado que este estudio de la \u2018paleofarmacolog\u00eda\u2019 puede contribuir al redescubrimiento de remedios antibi\u00f3ticos en un momento en que la humanidad se enfrenta a una crisis cada vez m\u00e1s acuciante debido a la resistencia a los antimicrobianos.<\/p>\n<p>Referencia:<\/p>\n<p>Siemssen et al. Antibacterial properties of experimentally produced birch tar and its medicinal affordances in the Pleistocene. <a href=\"https:\/\/journals.plos.org\/plosone\/article?id=10.1371\/journal.pone.0343618\" target=\"_blank\">Plos One<\/a> (2026).<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Los neandertales utilizaron con mucha asiduidad el\u00a0alquitr\u00e1n procedente del abedul, en gran parte como un potente adhesivo para ensamblar sus herramientas, pero los investigadores han comprobado ahora que tambi\u00e9n lo usaban para\u00a0curar sus heridas, como un antibi\u00f3tico natural. Investigadores de las universidades de Colonia (Alemania) y Oxford (Reino Unido) han profundizado en el conocimiento que [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-200974","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-noticias"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v20.9 (Yoast SEO v27.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Los neandertales usaban el alquitr\u00e1n de abedul como un antibi\u00f3tico primitivo - bip4ex<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/helloproject.es\/vigilancia\/los-neandertales-usaban-el-alquitran-de-abedul-como-un-antibiotico-primitivo\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Los neandertales usaban el alquitr\u00e1n de abedul como un antibi\u00f3tico primitivo\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Los neandertales utilizaron con mucha asiduidad el\u00a0alquitr\u00e1n procedente del abedul, en gran parte como un potente adhesivo para ensamblar sus herramientas, pero los investigadores han comprobado ahora que tambi\u00e9n lo usaban para\u00a0curar sus heridas, como un antibi\u00f3tico natural. 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