{"id":205424,"date":"2026-06-16T11:28:08","date_gmt":"2026-06-16T10:28:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/helloproject.es\/vigilancia\/por-que-los-virus-no-matan-a-los-mosquitos-que-los-transmiten\/"},"modified":"2026-06-16T11:28:08","modified_gmt":"2026-06-16T10:28:08","slug":"por-que-los-virus-no-matan-a-los-mosquitos-que-los-transmiten","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/helloproject.es\/vigilancia\/por-que-los-virus-no-matan-a-los-mosquitos-que-los-transmiten\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00bfPor qu\u00e9 los virus no matan a los mosquitos que los transmiten?"},"content":{"rendered":"

El aumento de las\u00a0infecciones causadas por virus transmitidos por mosquitos se ha convertido en una preocupaci\u00f3n creciente para la salud p\u00fablica. Enfermedades como el dengue o la causada por el virus del Nilo occidental, tradicionalmente confinadas a regiones tropicales o subtropicales, est\u00e1n ampliando su alcance geogr\u00e1fico. Europa ya no es una excepci\u00f3n y, en Espa\u00f1a, ya se han registrado infecciones aut\u00f3ctonas.<\/p>\n

Enfermedades como el dengue o la causada por el virus del Nilo occidental, tradicionalmente confinadas a regiones tropicales o subtropicales, est\u00e1n ampliando su alcance geogr\u00e1fico<\/p>\n

Detr\u00e1s de esta expansi\u00f3n hay m\u00faltiples factores, desde el cambio clim\u00e1tico hasta la globalizaci\u00f3n. Pero tambi\u00e9n existe una cuesti\u00f3n biol\u00f3gica clave: \u00bfc\u00f3mo consiguen estos virus persistir en los mosquitos durante toda su vida sin matarlos?<\/p>\n

Cuando un mosquito pica a una persona infectada, adquiere el virus y queda infectado de por vida, pudiendo transmitirlo en cada nueva picadura. Sin embargo, a diferencia de lo que ocurre en humanos \u2014donde la infecci\u00f3n puede da\u00f1ar o destruir las c\u00e9lulas y causar s\u00edntomas graves\u2014, en los mosquitos el virus establece una relaci\u00f3n mucho m\u00e1s discreta. Aunque permanece activo, no produce signos evidentes de enfermedad. Ese equilibrio es, precisamente, lo que hace tan eficiente la transmisi\u00f3n.<\/p>\n

Un estudio de\u00a0la Universidad Pompeu Fabra (UPF), publicado en la revista PLOS Biology, demuestra que en las c\u00e9lulas de mosquito los virus no se comportan como en las humanas. En lugar de tomar el control total de la maquinaria celular para producir grandes cantidades de prote\u00ednas virales \u2014una estrategia que en humanos acaba destruyendo la c\u00e9lula\u2014, en los mosquitos adoptan un enfoque m\u00e1s moderado.<\/p>\n

En las c\u00e9lulas de mosquito, los virus limitan la producci\u00f3n de prote\u00ednas y evitan tomar el control total de la maquinaria celular, a diferencia de lo que ocurre en humanos. Este comportamiento les permite persistir sin destruir la c\u00e9lula<\/p>\n

El equipo\u00a0observ\u00f3 que, aunque el material gen\u00e9tico viral se acumula en las c\u00e9lulas del mosquito, la producci\u00f3n de prote\u00ednas est\u00e1 limitada. \u201cEs como si el virus bajara el volumen de su propia actividad\u201d, cuenta Marc Tall\u00f3, coprimer autor del estudio junto con Mireia Puig, ambos investigadores de virolog\u00eda en la UPF. Este fen\u00f3meno, conocido como represi\u00f3n de la traducci\u00f3n, permite que el virus siga replic\u00e1ndose sin sobrecargar ni da\u00f1ar a la c\u00e9lula hospedadora.<\/p>\n


\n \"El
\n <\/a><\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

El fin de la excepcionalidad de Islandia: los mosquitos conquistan el \u00faltimo refugio del \u00c1rtico<\/h3>\n

<\/p>\n


\n Antonio Villarreal
\n <\/a> <\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

Objetivo: no da\u00f1ar su veh\u00edculo de propagaci\u00f3n<\/h2>\n

Se trata, por tanto, de un equilibrio sutil: el virus necesita producir suficientes part\u00edculas para garantizar su transmisi\u00f3n, pero no tantas como para perjudicar al mosquito y comprometer su veh\u00edculo de propagaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n

El virus necesita producir suficientes part\u00edculas para garantizar su transmisi\u00f3n, pero no tantas como para perjudicar al mosquito y comprometer su veh\u00edculo de propagaci\u00f3n<\/p>\n

Seg\u00fan el estudio, realizado con el apoyo de la Fundaci\u00f3n \u201cla Caixa\u201d, este ajuste se explica porque, a diferencia de lo que ocurre en humanos, el virus no optimiza completamente el uso de la maquinaria celular del mosquito. Esta estrategia evolutiva permite alcanzar niveles suficientes para una transmisi\u00f3n eficaz sin afectar de forma significativa a la biolog\u00eda del insecto.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

Nuevas v\u00edas de control<\/h2>\n

Comprender c\u00f3mo los virus regulan su actividad en los mosquitos podr\u00eda abrir nuevas v\u00edas para frenar su transmisi\u00f3n. \u201cSi logramos alterar ese equilibrio, forzando al virus a replicarse de manera descontrolada o, por el contrario, bloqueando su capacidad de persistir, podr\u00edamos conseguir que los mosquitos dejaran de actuar como vectores de transmisi\u00f3n\u201d, explica Juana D\u00edez, coordinadora del estudio y directora del Grupo de Virolog\u00eda Molecular en la UPF.<\/p>\n

Sin embargo, \u201ca\u00fan estamos lejos de modificar la carga viral de estos insectos\u201d, advierte Gemma Vilar\u00f3, que completa la autor\u00eda del trabajo junto con\u00a0Sol Rib\u00f3, ambas investigadoras en virolog\u00eda molecular.<\/p>\n

El estudio se ha llevado a cabo en modelos celulares, por lo que para avanzar hacia aplicaciones farmacol\u00f3gicas ser\u00e1 necesario confirmar los resultados en condiciones m\u00e1s cercanas a la realidad, incluidos ensayos en mosquitos infectados tras alimentarse con sangre infectada.<\/p>\n

\u201cEn un contexto en el que los virus transmitidos por mosquitos avanzan hacia nuevas regiones, entender los mecanismos que regulan su supervivencia y transmisibilidad deja de ser una cuesti\u00f3n puramente acad\u00e9mica\u201d, se\u00f1ala Tall\u00f3.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Referencia:<\/p>\n

Tall\u00f3-Parra M, et al. \u201cTranslational repression of viral RNAs supports persistent arbovirus infection in mosquitoes. PLOS Biology<\/a>,\u00a02026.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

El aumento de las\u00a0infecciones causadas por virus transmitidos por mosquitos se ha convertido en una preocupaci\u00f3n creciente para la salud p\u00fablica. Enfermedades como el dengue o la causada por el virus del Nilo occidental, tradicionalmente confinadas a regiones tropicales o subtropicales, est\u00e1n ampliando su alcance geogr\u00e1fico. Europa ya no es una excepci\u00f3n y, en Espa\u00f1a, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-205424","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-noticias"],"yoast_head":"\n\u00bfPor qu\u00e9 los virus no matan a los mosquitos que los transmiten? - bip4ex<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/helloproject.es\/vigilancia\/por-que-los-virus-no-matan-a-los-mosquitos-que-los-transmiten\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u00bfPor qu\u00e9 los virus no matan a los mosquitos que los transmiten?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"El aumento de las\u00a0infecciones causadas por virus transmitidos por mosquitos se ha convertido en una preocupaci\u00f3n creciente para la salud p\u00fablica. 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